Bachelor's in Psychology in Europe

This bachelor's degree examines human behavior and mental processes across a broad and scientifically grounded curriculum, spanning topics such as infant and child development, perception, learning, motivation, cognitive processes including memory and problem solving, individual differences, and social psychology, complemented by practical work, statistical analysis, and study of the brain's underlying physiology. The program develops both a knowledge base and applied skills, combining rigorous scientific thinking and numeracy with the practical understanding needed to support people in real-world clinical, counseling, and social contexts. Coursework includes design, execution, and critical evaluation of original research, statistical analysis using the Python programming language, and the development of group work, communication, presentation, and self-assessment skills, delivered through a mix of lectures, tutorials, seminars, and laboratory practicals.

The first two years introduce foundational areas of psychology, including social psychology, perception, psychological disorder, developmental psychology, the historical foundations of the field, cognition and the brain, language, thinking, the fundamentals of neuroscience and behavior, evolutionary psychology, personality and individual differences, and research methods and statistical analysis, with the option to take modules from other programs across the university. In the third and fourth years, students pursue advanced options aligned with their particular interests, while ensuring they complete at least one module in each of five thematic areas: biological, social, developmental, cognitive, and personality and individual differences. Recent advanced offerings have included topics such as neurological rehabilitation, social neuroscience, child language acquisition and development, workplace wellbeing, human and organizational factors, applied issues in developmental psychology, child and adolescent clinical psychology, human reasoning, biopsychology, the psychology of criminal behavior, and global mental health. The fourth year centers on an independent capstone research project carried out under staff supervision, and assessment throughout the program combines end-of-semester written examinations with continuous assessment. Students also have the opportunity to spend one or more semesters of their third year studying at partner psychology schools elsewhere in Europe, with full credit recognized toward the degree.

Graduates who pursue professional psychology typically continue into further professional training, while the broader skills developed during the degree also lead into fields such as management, marketing, advertising, accountancy, journalism, broadcast media, teaching, and recruitment.

All applicants must provide official evidence of English language proficiency at the program's standard entry level. This can be met through an IELTS Academic score of at least 6.5 overall with no band below 6.0; a Duolingo English Test integrated score of at least 120 overall with no subscore below 100; a TOEFL iBT score of at least 90 overall with a minimum of 21 in each section (for tests taken before a specified 2026 changeover to the redesigned exam), or at least 4.5 overall with a minimum of 4.0 in each section under the redesigned scoring (for tests taken afterward); a Cambridge Advanced or Proficiency score of at least 180 overall with no score below 170; or a PTE Academic score of at least 69 overall with a minimum of 59 in each section. Test results must be issued within two years prior to the start of studies. A number of secondary school qualifications are also accepted in place of a language test, including a grade 6 or higher in Ordinary or Higher Level English on the Irish Leaving Certificate, a grade C or higher in English Language on the GCSE, English A1, A2, or B at the required level on the International Baccalaureate, and equivalent minimum results on qualifications such as the European Baccalaureate, the French Baccalaureate, the US High School curriculum, Hong Kong's HKDSE, or Malaysia's SPM.

This bachelor's degree trains students in the theoretical foundations and core methods of psychology while introducing them to the discipline's applied branches, building skills and techniques for measuring, exploring, and understanding the behavioral and mental processes of individuals, groups, and organizations. Students gain an integrated grounding in education, communication, socialization, learning, and human development, alongside the practical knowledge needed to pursue further study at the master's level.

The curriculum opens with foundational coursework in the philosophy of science and history of psychology, study and communication skills, an introduction to psychology, and basic research methods, followed by biological psychology, evolutionary psychology and behavioral genetics, culture and society, and data analysis and statistical inference. Students then progress through core content areas in cognitive psychology, affective psychology, personality psychology, developmental psychology, and social psychology, each paired with dedicated research field practice and a comprehensive exam. Further coursework covers an introduction to neuroscience, several rounds of applied research methods practice, and psychological skill training, alongside a special course in applied psychology and a course in psychological ethics and legal issues. Later in the program, students are introduced to the main fields of psychological practice, including adult and child clinical psychology, with an accompanying clinical practicum, as well as health psychology, educational psychology, work and organizational psychology, and counselling psychology. The program concludes with a thesis seminar and an original thesis, developed under supervision.

Graduates go on to work in roles such as behavior analysts, HR assistants, and research assistants in psychological studies.

Applicants must have completed secondary education with a certificate deemed equivalent to a standard secondary-school matriculation certificate; those still completing their final year may submit proof of student status confirming they will receive this certificate, with the certificate itself required upon enrollment. Required application materials include the secondary school certificate, a record of grades from the final two years of secondary school, a CV, a motivation letter of approximately 2,000 characters explaining the applicant's background, interest in psychology, and career goals, and a copy of the main pages of a valid passport; documents not issued in English must be accompanied by an official translation. Applicants must also demonstrate English language proficiency through one of the following: an IELTS score of 6.5 or higher, a Cambridge qualification at B2 level, or a TOEFL score between 79 and 93.

This bachelor's degree offers an introduction to psychology as a field where theoretical study and experimental clinical work sit side by side, building strong foundations across brain and behavior, developmental psychology, social psychology and communication, clinical psychology, and the fundamentals of health psychology, supported throughout by seminars and workshops.

The first year opens with academic English alongside the basic concepts of psychology, brain and behavior, developmental psychology, social psychology and communication, the philosophy of science, and basic research methods in psychology. The second year introduces statistical methods in psychology, the psychology of individual differences, work and organizational psychology, clinical psychology, and the principles of psychodynamic psychology. The third year turns to an introduction to clinical health psychology.

Graduates go on to work in public and private organizations, in education, and in third-sector enterprises, and, under the supervision of a licensed psychologist, can provide services supporting individuals, groups, organizations, and communities in promoting health.

Applicants must hold a secondary school diploma or an equivalent qualification and must pass an online entry test conducted in English; this bachelor's program has a limited number of available places, which are assigned through a ranking of admitted applicants. Applicants must also demonstrate English proficiency at B2 level of the Common European Framework of Reference, which can be met through several recognized certificates, including a TOEFL iBT score of at least 80, an IELTS score of at least 6.0, a Cambridge B2 First (ESOL Level 1) score of at least 173, an Oxford Test of English score of at least 126, a Pearson Test of Academic English score of at least 65, or equivalent B2-level qualifications from providers such as Trinity College London or Gatehouse ESOL.

This bachelor's program provides a thorough foundation in psychological theory and practice. It covers major areas such as general, clinical, social, developmental, and health psychology, alongside neuroscience, statistics, and research methods. Students gain hands-on skills through training in communication, testing, counseling, and observation. Specialized topics include forensic psychology, organizational behavior, and psychopathology. Elective options allow exploration of intercultural, positive, or group psychology. The program concludes with a bachelor thesis and an internship to apply academic knowledge in real-world settings.

To apply for this bachelor's program, applicants must submit a secondary school diploma with final grades, a passport copy, and a motivational letter that is written independently without AI assistance. English proficiency at a B2 level is required, which can be proven through TOEFL iBT (72–94), IELTS (5.5–6.5), PTE (59–75), or Duolingo (100–125). Alternatively, applicants can take the university's free online English test. A minimum GPA of 60% of the maximum is needed. Students with a gap of three or more years since graduation may be asked to take additional tests. All documents must be clear, high-quality color scans.

This bachelor's degree explores psychology through three interconnected domains. Brain and Cognition examines how the brain works and shapes behavior, covering the anatomy of the brain alongside language, learning, memory, perception, and emotion, as well as disorders such as strokes and dementia. Development and Mental Health looks at how people change across the lifespan, from infancy to old age, studying cognitive, motor, moral, and social-emotional development, how social context such as family, school, work, and culture shapes wellbeing, and how to recognize and address psychological disorders in children, adults, and older people. Behavior and Environment focuses on how groups and cultures shape thoughts, emotions, and behavior, covering interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, stereotypes, and prosocial and antisocial behavior in settings ranging from families to workplaces.
Alongside this theoretical grounding, students build research skills, starting with simple research questions in the first year and progressing to more advanced research design, statistics, and data analysis; academic skills such as academic writing, presenting, debating, literature review, and critical reading; and professional skills including observation, interviewing, diagnostic testing, and case consultation. Most first-year coursework is compulsory and includes a general introduction to psychology alongside foundational courses in each of the three domains, research methods, statistics, and psychodiagnostics. The second year turns toward application, introducing neuropsychology and a lifespan perspective on psychopathology, and lets students begin shaping a personal profile by combining domain electives with themed course clusters covering areas such as labor and organization, labor and health, communication, education, mental healthcare, cognitive neuroscience, and sport and exercise sciences.

In the third year, students choose one of three specialization tracks to pursue in depth. The Brain and Cognition track covers affective science and psychopathology, the neurophysiology of cognition and behavior, human motor control and sport, signal analysis, and psychopharmacology.

The Development and Mental Health track covers affective science and psychopathology, early development, clinical assessment and decision-making, and psychotherapy.

The Behavior and Environment track covers sports psychology, interpersonal relationships, and organizational psychology.

The third year also allows students to design much of their own program, including study abroad, by combining specialization and free electives that can be taken within or outside psychology, at another Dutch university, or at an international partner institution.

Applicants who have completed or are completing secondary or higher education outside the Netherlands have their prior education assessed individually to determine whether it meets the required level; those found sufficient are considered admissible, though all admissible students must still take part in a selection process and be selected for a place before they can enroll. Applicants whose prior education did not provide sufficient preparation in mathematics must pass a mathematics test before the enrollment deadline, which can be satisfied through an Online Mathematics Placement Test with a minimum score of 55%, an SAT mathematics section score of at least 600 out of 800, a VWO Mathematics A or B certificate with a final grade of at least 6 out of 10, or a James Boswell Access Exam in VWO Mathematics A, B, or C with a final score of at least 5.5 out of 10.

Applicants whose prior education did not sufficiently prepare them in English must also pass an English language proficiency test before the enrollment deadline, meeting one of the following minimums: a TOEFL iBT total score of at least 80 with all four sub-scores at least 20; an IELTS Academic overall score of at least 6.0 with all four sub-scores at least 6.0; a Cambridge C1 Advanced score of at least 169 overall and on all sub-scores; a Cambridge C2 Proficiency score of at least 180 overall and at least 169 on all sub-scores; a Pearson PTE Academic score of at least 61 overall with all sub-scores at least 56; or a LanguageCert Academic score of at least 65 overall, with a minimum of 62 in listening, 65 in reading and writing, and 68 in speaking. The TOEFL Home Edition and IELTS Online are not accepted for this requirement.

This bachelor's degree provides a broad foundation in psychology, covering the key movements, concepts, schools of thought, and historic figures who have shaped the field, including psychoanalysis, humanism, behaviorism, and child development, which students learn to apply to real-life case studies. A dedicated communication and academic skills program runs alongside the main coursework, developing students' writing and presentation abilities within a psychology-specific academic context, and students are encouraged to take part in an international exchange program for part of their studies.

The first year introduces core areas of the discipline, including social psychology, research methods in psychology, philosophical psychology, the major psychoanalytic, humanistic, and behaviorist paradigms, biological psychology, developmental psychology, an introduction to the psychology profession, academic writing and presentation, the psychology of communication, and the cognitive paradigm. The second year builds on this foundation with the psychology of learning and applied behavior analysis, both quantitative and qualitative research methods and data analysis, forensic and criminal psychology, the psychology of helping, psychology of adjustment, psychopathology, work psychology, the psychology of sexuality, health psychology, and cyberpsychology, complemented by elective options such as practical psychology, career education and guidance, inclusive communities and schooling, organizational psychology, and neurodiverse profiles.

In the third year, students take part in psychology symposia and complete a research-based dissertation on a topic of their choosing, alongside coursework in psychotherapeutic methods spanning psychodynamic, humanistic-existential, cognitive behavioral, and systemic family approaches, ethical and professional issues, child and adolescent psychopathology, an introduction to critical psychology, psychometrics and psychological assessment, environmental psychology, and neuropsychology. Elective options in this final year include cognitive neuroscience, sensitivity training in psychology, addictive behavior, respecting diversity, the psychology of small groups, media psychology, the psychology of ageing, sports psychology, and a practicum.

Graduates leave with the foundational knowledge to pursue postgraduate specialization, most commonly through a master's degree, in preparation for careers such as clinical, counseling, educational, forensic, health, occupational, organizational, or sport psychologist, or as a therapist, with a doctoral pathway available for those pursuing research or academic careers.

International applicants must hold an intermediate-level secondary school pass at grade C or better in biology, alongside other qualifications comparable to local secondary school requirements. Applicants applying under a mature or adult learner route who do not meet this requirement are instead required to sit a biology examination, followed by an interview for those who pass. All applicants must also meet the institution's general English language proficiency requirements for admission.

This bachelor's degree offers a comprehensive introduction to the science of human behavior, combining a strong grounding in basic psychological disciplines such as neurophysiology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, and personality psychology with applied areas including clinical and health psychology, educational psychology, organizational psychology, and forensic psychology. Students build psychological knowledge, learn how that knowledge is generated through quantitative and qualitative research methods, and explore how it can be applied to real challenges in clinical, educational, and organizational settings, with a curriculum built around the first phase of the European EuroPsy standard for psychology education.

In the first year, students build an academic foundation through coursework in communication and self-reflection skills, introductory statistics, human biology and genetics, the history of psychology, early-life developmental psychology, and general and cognitive psychology, alongside an academic skills seminar covering writing, research, and citation. The second semester deepens this foundation with inferential statistics, development across adolescence and adulthood, further work in general and cognitive psychology, sociology, an introduction to the neurophysiological basis of behavior, and philosophy.

The second year turns to individual differences, relationships, and mental health, covering the classification of mental disorders and specific psychopathologies, educational psychology, personality psychology, social psychology, and the logic of scientific research design, alongside a structured week of excursions to professional psychological workplaces. Later coursework in this stage includes advanced personality and social psychology, hands-on research methodology, physiological psychology, academic writing in APA style, and preparation for the bachelor's thesis.

In the final year, students explore psychology in applied, real-world contexts, including organizational psychology, forensic psychology, and the psychology of sexuality, alongside psychological testing and assessment and continued development of their thesis proposal, culminating in field practice or an internship and an independent research project. Throughout the program, students can shape their studies through a wide range of elective courses covering topics such as positive psychology, sport psychology, occupational wellbeing, mindfulness, self-regulated learning, cross-cultural and comparative psychology, neuropsychological and educational assessment, the psychology of negotiation, data science, and interdisciplinary issues such as climate change, terrorism, populism, and gender inequality.

Graduates are prepared to pursue master's study in psychology or related fields and to apply psychological thinking in workplaces such as education, research, human resources, social services, NGOs, and international organizations, with career paths also open in public administration, career counseling, marketing and consumer research, advertising, and public relations.

Admission is based on a single-round evaluation of submitted materials, with no entrance exam or interview. Applicants must submit an official transcript from the second-to-last year of secondary school, with points calculated from the applicant's overall grade point average after conversion to a five-point grading scale; a motivation letter in English of no more than 650 words explaining their interest in psychology, academic and personal development, and career goals; and a structured CV in English documenting relevant academic, professional, or extracurricular activities, with optional supporting materials such as essays or certificates. All applicants must have completed secondary education concluded by a school-leaving examination, and those who completed this education outside the Czech Republic must have their diploma recognized as equivalent, a process that can be completed through standard national recognition, automatic recognition for diplomas from certain countries, or a simplified assessment available only after admission. Admitted applicants must also demonstrate English proficiency at B2 level or higher, shown either through a diploma from a program taught in English or through a recognized English-language certificate such as IELTS, TOEFL, or a Cambridge exam; this proof is required only after admission, not at the application stage.

​This bachelor's degree is a four-year program totaling 240 ECTS credits. The curriculum covers foundational subjects such as Attention and Perception, Fundamentals of Psychobiology, and Personality Psychology. Advanced topics include Neuropsychology, Psychopathology, and Cognitive Techniques and Behavior Modification. Students can choose specialized electives in areas like Health Psychology, Educational Psychology, and Neuropsychology. The program also incorporates practical training through work placements and culminates with a Final Year Project.

To be admitted to this degree, applicants must demonstrate a B2 level of English, proven through a recognized language certificate (others may be evaluated individually). Additional required documents include a valid passport scan, high school diploma and transcript, national exam results, a statement of purpose or motivational letter, and a CV.

This bachelor's degree introduces students to psychology as a diverse scientific discipline, offering a complete grounding in the field's major theories and techniques. Students gain a first approach to psychologists' core skills, meaningful exposure to research in psychology, and a basic education across psychology specialties, learning to combine general theories with empirical evidence and applied knowledge in ways intended to improve the human condition across a range of settings. Ethical standards for evaluating psychological science and practice run throughout the program, and graduates leave with the knowledge, skills, and competence needed to pursue graduate study in psychology internationally. The program is offered as two parallel tracks with equivalent content: one delivered entirely in English, and one delivered entirely in Greek.

The compulsory core of the program covers general psychology, research methods and statistics, social psychology, child and adolescent development, brain and behavior, abnormal psychology, the psychology of personality, cognitive psychology, statistical analysis in psychological research, educational psychology, health psychology, experimental psychology, a research experience course, a practicum in psychology, and psychological testing. Students then choose electives from two thematic clusters: one centered on cognition, covering topics such as cognition and emotion and language development and psycholinguistics, and another centered on differential and personality psychology, covering clinical psychology and counseling techniques. Beyond these clusters, students can further shape their studies through a wide range of additional psychology courses spanning areas such as forensic and correctional psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, school psychology, physiological psychology, learning, child psychopathology, culture and psychology, and the psychology of sexuality, adulthood and aging, and terrorism, along with opportunities for independent research and a thesis. The program is rounded out with coursework in language and academic expression, biological science, mathematics and computing, and the humanities and social sciences, drawing on fields such as sociology, anthropology, philosophy, economics, history, and law.

Graduates are prepared for a wide range of roles applying psychology to everyday life in areas such as clinical settings, education, industry, and community and economic contexts, working to enhance the wellbeing of individuals, groups, and systems, and are well positioned to pursue specialized master's or doctoral study.

The minimum requirement for admission is a recognized High School Leaving Certificate or an equivalent internationally recognized qualification; applicants whose certificate grade falls below roughly 7.5 out of 10 (or the equivalent under their country's grading system) receive additional academic guidance and monitoring during their first year. English language proficiency can be demonstrated through a range of recognized qualifications, including an IELTS score of 6 or above, a TOEFL iBT score of 72 or above, Cambridge First Certificate or Proficiency Certificate results at the required grade, an IB English score of 4 or 5 depending on the course level, or equivalent results from other recognized English-language assessments. Applicants who do not hold one of these qualifications but score at least 4.5 on IELTS are required to take a no-cost English placement test and receive English language support classes.

This program integrates psychology with management, marketing, and organizational behavior. Students gain expertise in human resources, work psychology, and corporate finance, complemented by research methods and psychometrics. Two specialization tracks are offered: Psychology in Team Management (including motivation, counseling, and negotiation) and Psychology in Marketing (focusing on consumer behavior, advertising psychology, and PR). Practical courses in coaching, mentoring, and agile methodologies prepare students for modern workplace dynamics. The program culminates in a diploma seminar and final thesis.

Applicants must have completed high school or higher education and submit original qualification documents with sworn translations into Polish (or English initially, with Polish required upon arrival). Documents are accepted in English or Polish. A B2-level English certificate is required, such as TOEFL iBT 72, IELTS 5.5, TOEIC 700, or equivalents like FCE, CAE, or CPE. Original documents must be presented upon arrival at the university.

This bachelor's degree offers a solid foundation in the science of human behavior, bridging psychological theory with practical, real-world application. Students explore the core pillars of psychology, including cognition, emotion and motivation, and individual differences in personality, before turning to social and cultural dynamics and the ways culture shapes psychological experience. The program then moves into specialized applied fields such as clinical and health psychology, psychopathology, educational settings, and modern organizations, while building essential research skills in methodology, statistics, and psychometrics alongside professional interpersonal skills in communication, personal growth, and teamwork. At least one project-based course each year gives students hands-on experience solving problems or conducting group research.

The curriculum opens with an introduction to psychology and its history and contemporary issues, an introduction to social psychology, the biological foundations of human behavior, basic psychological skills training, and academic skills, alongside foreign language study that continues throughout the program. The second year builds on this foundation with social psychology, the psychology of emotion and motivation, developmental psychology, critical analysis of psychological research articles, and basic group work skills. The third year introduces personality psychology, cognitive psychology, and an introduction to methodology and statistics, together with an individual project in the form of a psychological essay. The fourth year covers psychopathology, the psychology of individual differences, an introduction to psychometrics, and an individual project built around a psychological interview.

In the fifth year, students study clinical and health psychology, work and organizational psychology, and educational psychology, alongside personal skills training and a group research project, with room for elective coursework. The final year covers ethical dilemmas in psychology, a humanistic perspective on human nature, and cross-cultural psychology, combined with a group project applying psychological knowledge and a broader set of humanistic and psychological electives that let students tailor part of their studies to their own interests. Throughout the program, students take part in general elective coursework in the social sciences and humanities, and physical education is included in the early years of study.

Graduates go on to pursue a wide range of careers, including as psychotherapists, research psychologists, developmental psychologists, human-computer interaction psychologists, business and occupational psychologists, market research psychologists, sports psychologists, and health and wellness psychologists.

Non-EU applicants must demonstrate English language proficiency at a minimum B2 level through a recognized certificate. Accepted options include Cambridge English qualifications such as B2 First, C1 Advanced, or C2 Proficiency; an IELTS score of at least 5.5; a TOEFL iBT score of at least 72; a Pearson Test of English Academic score of at least 59; or a LanguageCert Academic certificate at B2 level or higher, among other recognized international English-language qualifications.

This bachelor's program offers a broad foundation in psychology and business, combining theory with practical skills. Students explore subjects such as microeconomics, management, accounting, human resource management, marketing, and international business. A strong psychological component includes courses in social, behavioral, management, political, and organizational psychology. Skills like stress management, ethics, conflict mediation, and cross-cultural communication are also emphasized. Practical learning is integrated through business incubator practice, business coaching, and project management. The program includes English language training and culminates with a bachelor’s thesis and optional electives.

To apply for this bachelor's program, applicants must have completed secondary or vocational education recognized in the host country. Admission is based on a competitive selection process that considers exam results in English and Mathematics. If the English level is below B2 or cannot be proven with an international certificate (such as IELTS or TOEFL), an entrance exam in English is required. Applicants with foreign education do not need national centralized exams but must take an institutional admission test. Applications are submitted online, and original documents must be presented in person or through a representative. An interview may be conducted for international candidates.