学士 in 医療・健康科学 in Europe

This bachelor's program offers extensive training in dental science, combining foundational medical subjects like anatomy, histology, and biochemistry with specialized courses in dental anatomy, cariology, orthodontics, prosthodontics, and oral surgery. Students gradually progress from theoretical knowledge to preclinical and clinical practice, including exposure to digital health, medical ethics, and interdisciplinary topics such as psychology and health system design. The final semesters focus on integrated dentistry, pediatric and therapeutic dentistry, and oral-maxillofacial procedures, concluding with a research paper and state examination.

To apply for this program, candidates must have completed secondary or high school education, including transcripts and diploma. Applicants should have studied English, Mathematics, and either Biology or Chemistry for at least two semesters. These subjects are compulsory, and Physics is preferable. English language proficiency is required and must be proven through specified certificates or previous education. All grades in the submitted documents must be passing.

This bachelor's program provides comprehensive training in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of oral diseases. It includes intensive courses in anatomy, physiology, chemistry, and pathology during the early years, followed by advanced clinical practice in areas such as oral surgery, orthodontics, prosthetics, periodontology, and therapeutic dentistry. Students gain hands-on experience through preclinical and clinical practices, including rotations in dental clinics and specialized departments. The curriculum also covers essential medical fields like internal medicine, pharmacology, and radiology, along with training in medical ethics and communication. A final thesis and its defense are required to complete the program.

Admission to this bachelor's program requires passing an online entrance exam administered through a dedicated testing platform that uses AI to maintain testing integrity. The exam lasts 180 minutes and includes 100 biology and 100 chemistry questions. All items are in a true-false format with four possible answers each. Candidates can prepare using materials that include 500 questions from each subject, which use a broader answer format with eight options.

This master's program in General Medicine follows a traditional Central European curriculum taught in English and aligns with European Union standards. The first two years cover theoretical subjects such as anatomy, biology, and physiology, followed by preclinical subjects like pathology and pharmacology. Clinical training begins in the fourth year with disciplines like internal medicine, surgery, and pediatrics, culminating in the sixth year with hands-on bedside training. Courses in public health, medical law, and social medicine are also included. Students take compulsory Czech language classes for effective patient interaction. The program concludes with final state examinations and awards the professional degree of Doctor of Medicine (MUDr.). It also supports student mobility through ECTS and is recognized by several international accreditation bodies.

To apply for this master's program, applicants must take an entrance examination that includes questions in Biology, Chemistry, and either Physics or Mathematics. Non-native English speakers must also provide an English proficiency certificate, such as FCE, IELTS (minimum score 6), TOEFL (minimum score 87), or PTE Academic (minimum score 59), or take the university's own English test. Those who completed their secondary or university education in English are exempt from the language test. The entrance exam is available only once per academic year.

This bachelor's program provides advanced theoretical and methodological training in special needs education, preparing future special needs teachers to help children, young people, and adults with disabilities and impairments improve their cognitive, social, physical, sensory, and perceptual skills, and to support them with life management, rehabilitation, environmental adjustment, and social integration. It is well suited to students with strong empathy, communication and interpersonal skills, and a genuine interest in supporting people with disabilities.

Graduates learn to interpret medical and psychological diagnoses and apply psychological knowledge appropriate to specific disabilities, using modern diagnostic tools to design goal-oriented special needs interventions. These interventions combine general teaching principles with content suited to a particular disability, adapted to a client's age, ability, and socio-cultural background, and can include educational, developmental, therapeutic, preventive, and rehabilitation services delivered within institutional care systems. The program spans four years, entirely in English.

The first stage of the program builds a shared foundation, beginning with a choice of social science coursework, such as the sociology of special needs, disability studies, or social policy, alongside general anatomy and neuroanatomy, developmental biology, the psychology of development and education, and an introduction to pedagogy and arts-based methods.

Students then continue with a shared core in special needs education, covering its historical development, values, and institutional and legal context, along with a choice of arts-based methodology coursework, such as drama, movement-based methods, or musical or visual expression. This continues into school hygiene and first aid, the psychology and assessment of special needs alongside an introduction to psychiatry, early childhood intervention and learning disabilities, teaching methodology, and the use of digital technology in special needs education.

From the third semester, students choose one or two specializations, in any combination, from four available tracks.

Students specializing in intellectual disabilities study the pathology of intellectual disability, the psychology and pedagogy of moderate to profound intellectual disability, and methods for adapting teaching to individual needs, before moving into age-specific coursework spanning early skills development, public schooling from kindergarten through vocational training, and lifelong guidance for adults. Further coursework covers basic skill development, cultural techniques, augmentative and alternative communication, and practical life-management knowledge, supported by three periods of supervised pedagogical practice.

Students specializing in hearing impairment study the anatomy, pathology, and diagnostics of the auditory system, pediatric audiology, and the theory and practice of sign language, before progressing through a three-part sequence on the language development of children with hearing impairment, early intervention, and inclusive education. Further coursework covers support for adults with hearing impairment and complex associated needs, again supported by three periods of supervised pedagogical practice.

Students specializing in visual impairment study the anatomy and pathology of the visual system and the fundamentals of educating people with vision impairment, including functional vision assessment and environmental adaptation, before progressing into rehabilitation coursework covering vision training, orientation and mobility, and daily living skills. Further coursework addresses the early intervention, inclusive education, and teaching methodology appropriate for children and adolescents with visual impairment, including those with multiple disabilities, again supported by three periods of supervised pedagogical practice.

Students specializing in physical and multiple disabilities study the functional anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the motor system and the fundamentals of somatopedagogy and human movement science, before progressing through coursework on movement education, assistive communication technologies, and support for adults with physical disabilities. Further coursework covers early intervention and the education of children with physical disabilities in nurseries and schools, again supported by three periods of supervised pedagogical practice. Students combining two specializations also complete additional cross-disciplinary coursework relevant to both areas, such as counselling, conflict management, or creative and therapeutic methods, along with shared coursework relevant to students working with people with profound or multiple support needs.

Across all specializations, students complete a four-part sequence building toward their thesis, covering research methodology, the research plan, thesis writing, and thesis preparation, alongside a substantial free-choice elective allowance drawn from topics such as inclusive education, disability studies, rehabilitation medicine, or cognitive development. The program concludes with an extensive supervised internship and a closing seminar in the student's chosen specialization or specializations.

Graduates work across public education institutions, healthcare services, the child protection system, social care services, non-governmental organizations, and the judicial system, independently delivering nursery, kindergarten, and primary education matched to their specialization, as well as skill development in vocational and general education settings, student residences, and children's homes. Further opportunities include intervention, habilitation, and rehabilitation work in ambulatory care and specialized methodological institutions, with typical roles including early intervention teacher or therapist, class teacher at a specialized school, consulting or supporting teacher in inclusive settings, and rehabilitation instructor for adults with disabilities.

Applicants must hold a secondary school certificate; those still completing secondary education may submit proof of enrollment or expected matriculation instead, provided they present their final certificate by the time of enrollment. Higher education degrees are also accepted in place of a secondary certificate. Required documents include an application form, records from the final two years of secondary school, a CV, a motivation letter, and a valid passport or national ID with photo.

Since the entire program, including exams and practical training, is taught in English, applicants must demonstrate at least B2-level (advanced) English proficiency. This is assessed through the applicant's motivation letter and an online oral interview rather than a mandatory external certificate, though submitting one is recommended.

The entrance process includes both written and oral components: an aptitude assessment, a written and oral English language test, and an approximately 20-minute interview exploring the applicant's motivation and their experiences with and attitudes toward people with disabilities. Final admission is based on a combined evaluation of academic performance from the submitted documents and the results of this entrance assessment.

This is a three-year full-time degree focused on clinical, scientific, and technical competencies for rehabilitation and patient care. Year one introduces students to anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pathology, psychology, and clinical practice. In the second year, students explore pharmacology, neurology, pediatrics, rehabilitation techniques, geriatrics, and advanced clinical placements. Year three covers cardiovascular, respiratory, and oncological rehabilitation, along with healthcare management and a final thesis. The program blends theory with extensive hands-on training and clinical labs. It prepares graduates to assess and treat patients across age groups and clinical conditions.

Applicants must have completed at least 12 years of schooling and hold a valid secondary school diploma. Those with 10 or 11 years of schooling may apply if they have also completed 1–2 years of university and passed the related exams. Candidates in their final year of high school may also apply but must provide their diploma by the deadline. International diplomas must be accompanied by either a Declaration of Value—an official document issued by the Italian embassy or consulate confirming the validity of the foreign qualification—or a certificate from CIMEA (the Italian organization that assesses and facilitates the recognition of foreign qualifications for academic use in Italy). Admission is based on an entrance test, and applicants must complete the form and pay a registration fee. False or incomplete information leads to disqualification without refund.

The curriculum of this bachelor's degree combines theoretical and practical courses in physiology, biomechanics, sports training, physical education, and motor skills development. Students also study health promotion, research methods, and sports psychology. In later years, they engage in internships and a final thesis, preparing for careers in fitness, education, coaching, or health-related fields.

Applicants must demonstrate a minimum B2 English level through an accepted language certificate. Additional requirements include a valid passport scan, high school transcript, diploma, national exam results, a statement of purpose, CV, and an approved medical certificate. Other English certificates will be evaluated individually.

This bachelor's degree offers an in-depth exploration of sport, exercise, health, and physical activity from a scientific perspective, examining the science behind both safe participation and effective performance in sport. Students study how the body's physiological systems respond to different training methods, and how those methods can be used to improve strength, speed, endurance, skill, and performance under pressure, reflecting the central role that science plays in preparing today's athletes.

The program also extends well beyond elite performance, addressing how a lack of exercise or physical activity contributes to conditions such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain cancers. Students examine how different types of exercise programs and physical activity can support the treatment and prevention of disease, as well as the psychological benefits of exercise and effective strategies for motivating people to exercise regularly.

Admission is competitive and based on the points system used for the country's national university admissions process; meeting a given points threshold in a previous year does not guarantee admission, as places are limited and offers depend on the overall applicant pool each year. Students who are offered a place are also required to undergo background vetting prior to beginning their studies.

​This bachelor's degree is a four-year program totaling 240 ECTS credits. The curriculum covers foundational subjects such as Attention and Perception, Fundamentals of Psychobiology, and Personality Psychology. Advanced topics include Neuropsychology, Psychopathology, and Cognitive Techniques and Behavior Modification. Students can choose specialized electives in areas like Health Psychology, Educational Psychology, and Neuropsychology. The program also incorporates practical training through work placements and culminates with a Final Year Project.

To be admitted to this degree, applicants must demonstrate a B2 level of English, proven through a recognized language certificate (others may be evaluated individually). Additional required documents include a valid passport scan, high school diploma and transcript, national exam results, a statement of purpose or motivational letter, and a CV.

This bachelor's program in genomics integrates biology, chemistry, data science, and bioinformatics. Students begin with molecular biology, genetics, statistics, and programming. They progress to advanced topics such as genomics, metabolomics, and algorithms for biological data. Third-year courses focus on structural biology, complex traits, AI ethics, and biological networks. Electives include medical and viral genomics, synthetic microbiology, and internships. The program emphasizes both lab work and computational skills for careers in life sciences.

Applicants must have a secondary school diploma valid for university access in Italy or an equivalent foreign qualification. A solid foundation in mathematics, logic, and science is required, along with English proficiency at B2 level. Admission is based on the TOLC-I test (in English or Italian), assessing math, science, verbal comprehension, and logic. If minimum standards are not met, students receive Additional Learning Requirements to complete in their first year.
Tuition fees for EU students vary from €157 to €3,000/year depending on income. Non-EU students typically pay €1,200/year.

This bachelor's program offers a comprehensive education in general medicine, combining natural sciences with medical ethics and practical clinical skills. It starts with foundational knowledge in human anatomy and physiology, followed by instruction in disease causes, development, diagnosis, and treatment. Students are trained in diagnostic techniques, laboratory interpretation, therapeutic procedures, and managing life-threatening conditions. The curriculum also includes public health, disease prevention, health system organization, and medical ethics. Graduates are prepared for further specialization and meet EU requirements for practicing medicine across member countries.

Admission to this bachelor's program requires passing an online entrance exam administered through a dedicated testing platform that uses AI to maintain testing integrity. The exam lasts 180 minutes and includes 100 biology and 100 chemistry questions. All items are in a true-false format with four possible answers each. Candidates can prepare using materials that include 500 questions from each subject, which use a broader answer format with eight options.

This bachelor's degree is a three-year program that trains students in diagnostic imaging, radiological sciences, and radiation protection. The curriculum integrates subjects such as anatomy, biochemistry, physics, radiobiology, medical statistics, and genetics in the first year, with strong emphasis on clinical laboratory work and professional practice. Students advance to study diagnostic imaging methods, pharmacology, oncology, and health economics, supported by hands-on clinical training. The final year focuses on advanced imaging techniques, medical ethics, professional communication, and preparation for the final thesis. Each year includes substantial clinical practice and lab sessions to reinforce applied skills.

Applicants must have completed at least 12 years of schooling and hold a valid secondary school diploma. Those with 10 or 11 years of schooling may apply if they have also completed 1–2 years of university and passed the related exams. Candidates in their final year of high school may also apply but must provide their diploma by the deadline. International diplomas must be accompanied by either a Declaration of Value—an official document issued by the Italian embassy or consulate confirming the validity of the foreign qualification—or a certificate from CIMEA (the Italian organization that assesses and facilitates the recognition of foreign qualifications for academic use in Italy). Admission is based on an entrance test, and applicants must complete the form and pay a registration fee. False or incomplete information leads to disqualification without refund.

This bachelor's degree offers a comprehensive dental education built around the highest European and North American standards in dental training, with particular attention to updated European benchmarks for graduating dentists. Students are trained in the fundamentals of human health and disease as they relate to the oral environment, following a curriculum closely integrated with the biomedical sciences. Training combines pre-clinical and clinical work in specialized facilities, including anatomy dissection rooms, haptic and dental radiology simulation labs, digital dentistry and planning labs, and an on-campus dental clinic where students treat patients under the supervision of experienced dentists and faculty.

The first two years lay a biomedical foundation through coursework in anatomy, physiology, histology and embryology, cell biology and genetics, medical biochemistry, dental ethics, biostatistics and epidemiology, dental morphology, and biomaterials and dental technology. The third and fourth years introduce microbiology and immunology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, the principles of surgery and internal medicine, general therapeutics, first aid, and the foundational clinical disciplines of dentistry, including early coursework in operative dentistry, endodontics, fixed and removable prosthodontics, periodontology, and oral and maxillofacial radiology. From the fifth year onward, students progressively deepen their clinical training across these same disciplines while adding oral surgery, oral medicine and pathology, digital dentistry and planning, pediatric dentistry, orthodontics, dental anesthesiology, ergonomics and infection control, and behavior and communication skills, alongside coursework in the critical appraisal of scientific literature and integrated clinical seminars. The later years also include external clinical rotations and a choice of applied elective topics such as occupational risks in dentistry, legal and forensic dentistry, dental marketing and management, and dental office administration.

Graduates automatically qualify to practice as general dental practitioners across all European Union and European Free Trade Association member states, and may go on to specialize in areas such as oral surgery, restorative dentistry, pediatric dentistry, or orthodontics, working in private clinics or private and public hospitals and community clinics.

Applicants must hold a high school leaving certificate or an equivalent qualification, such as GCE A Levels or the International Baccalaureate. For applicants from public and private schools in Cyprus and Greece, admission requires an average grade of at least 18 out of 20 (or the equivalent of a 90% grade) on the high school leaving certificate, along with a pass in Biology plus at least one of Chemistry, Mathematics, or Physics; equivalent qualifications from other education systems may also be considered. For applicants from public and private schools in Germany, admission requires an average grade corresponding to at least 2.3 on the Abitur.