Study Microbiology in Europe

This master's program offers an in-depth education in biology with a strong research orientation. It begins with a core focused on biological data analysis and computational biology, then branches into two specialization tracks: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, which explores biodiversity, sustainability, and ecosystem dynamics; and Molecular Biology and Physiology, which examines genetic regulation, plant and animal physiology, and neurobiology. Students can take additional electives in biodiversity, genetics, microbiology, plant biology, and methodology. The program also includes research training, optional remedial or general courses, and concludes with a master’s thesis.

To apply for this master's program, candidates must hold a degree in biology, biochemistry, or a life sciences-related field. Applicants with a degree from outside the Flemish Community are assessed individually. English proficiency is required, with minimum scores of 94 on TOEFL iBT, 7.0 on IELTS (no subscore under 6.5), or 185 on Cambridge English (no subscore under 169). However, students who completed their university studies in English in Australia, English-speaking Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, or the United States are exempt from this requirement. A Belgian diploma is also accepted without an English test. Additional documents such as course descriptions and grading systems may be required.

This bachelor's program offers a strong foundation in biology with a focus on practical and interdisciplinary skills. The first semesters introduce essential scientific subjects such as mathematics, physics, general and organic chemistry, cell biology, microbiology, and human biology. It also includes supportive modules like laboratory skills, computing sciences, and two language courses. Advanced topics are explored from the third semester onward, including molecular genetics, instrumental analysis, medical microbiology, and physiology.

Students progress into biochemistry, immunology, bioinformatics, and can specialize in either applied clinical research or biotechnology. The curriculum also includes subjects like genetic engineering, structural and developmental biology, and several elective options to tailor the program to individual interests. A mandatory three-month internship and a final thesis with defense complete the final semester. A study abroad experience is recommended during the fifth or sixth semester to gain international exposure.

Applicants to this bachelor's program must demonstrate English proficiency at the B2 level of the CEFR. This requirement is automatically fulfilled by applicants who obtained their university entrance qualification in Germany. International applicants must submit a certificate from an accepted English language test unless they completed their secondary education or bachelor’s degree entirely in English, in which case a confirmation letter from the school or university is sufficient.

The application must include several certified documents in either German or English, including the secondary school certificate, proof of a university entrance examination (if required in the applicant’s home country), and an official transcript of records with grades for any prior university study. If the applicant attended a Studienkolleg in Germany, a certificate of the final assessment exam (Feststellungsprüfung) is required. Furthermore, applicants from China, India, and Vietnam are required to submit either an original APS certificate or a digitally sealed version (digiSeal®).

This master's degree offers three distinct specialization tracks, each opening a different route into a scientific career in the life sciences. The Ecology and Biodiversity track builds skills in the research methods used to study the ecology and evolution of organisms across terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems, covering individual organisms, populations, species, communities, and whole ecosystems, with instruction grounded in active research on biodiversity, vertebrate and invertebrate ecology, evolutionary ecology, biogeography, plant ecology, plant-animal interactions, conservation genetics, and nature management. The Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences track examines animal and plant development, microbiology, cell signaling pathways, cancer biology, stem cell biology, human biology, virology, and immunology, spanning levels of biological organization from whole organisms down to the molecular level while developing the laboratory skills needed for cutting-edge research. The Tropical Biodiversity and Ecosystems track is delivered jointly with partner institutions around the world that bring long-standing expertise in tropical rainforests, woodlands, and coastal ecosystems, letting students focus on botany, zoology, or integrative ecosystem approaches across two years of study that include an entire semester spent working directly in the tropics.

Across all three tracks, students share a common foundation in a master's thesis, project writing, a professional internship, and integrated practicals or field excursions, so that regardless of specialization, graduates finish well prepared for independent scientific research. Within the ecology-focused track, students select electives organized around themes such as ecology and evolution, global change, and herpetology, touching on marine and freshwater ecology, biogeography, conservation genetics, and animal behavior. The molecular track offers electives in areas including stem cell biology, gene therapy and editing, cancer cell biology, plant molecular biology, and bioinformatics. The tropical biodiversity track combines coursework across several partner universities with an in-situ field school focused on a specific tropical region and a further specialization semester at an additional partner institution, concluding with a jointly supervised master's thesis.

Applicants holding a Flemish bachelor's degree in biology can enroll directly in this master's degree. Those with a different Flemish academic bachelor's degree in science, applied science, or life sciences need to consult a learning path counsellor, while applicants with a non-Flemish academic bachelor's degree in the same fields must submit an online application, after which equivalency is evaluated based on the applicant's scientific competences and skills. No entrance exam is required.

English language proficiency can be demonstrated through prior secondary or higher education conducted entirely in English, through secondary education completed within a Belgian community, or through one of several recognized test scores: a TOEFL iBT score of at least 79 with a minimum of 18 in each section for exams taken before January 21, 2026, or a score of at least 4.5 with a minimum of 4 in each section for exams taken on or after that date; an IELTS Academic overall band score of at least 6.5 with no component below 6.0; an ITACE result of at least B2 in four of its five components; or a Cambridge B2 First qualification with a minimum score of 170.

This bachelor's degree provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary education across biology and biochemistry, preparing students for further master's-level study in either field. Students build a broad theoretical and practical foundation spanning inorganic and organic chemistry, general biology, microbiology, physiology, and molecular biology, while developing essential laboratory skills in biochemical and biological methods, including the analysis and processing of data drawn from laboratory work. The curriculum opens with core coursework in cell biology, general and inorganic chemistry, and an introduction to mathematics and statistics, before progressing through organic chemistry, genetics, and plant and animal physiology. Later semesters cover biochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology, bioinformatics, immunology, ecology, ecotoxicology, virology, and omics technologies such as proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics, supported by laboratory courses that reinforce these subjects through hands-on practice. Students also complete a thesis under the guidance of a research supervisor, working within a specific research project and receiving training in scientific communication, backed by two dedicated thesis seminars.

Graduates are prepared for roles in pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, scientific institutions, and laboratories focused on the biochemical analysis and quality control of food, pharmaceuticals, or environmental samples, as well as positions in nature conservation, environmental protection, and public administration.

Applicants must have completed secondary education with a strong background in science subjects and must be proficient in English, since this bachelor's degree is taught entirely in that language. Admission is based on a two-round entrance exam process together with the program's available capacity. The first round consists of an online test covering topics such as cell structure and organelles, DNA and chromosome structure, DNA replication, transcription and translation, protein structure and function, biochemically relevant molecules, metabolism, the periodic table, chemical bonding, acidity and alkalinity, and the nomenclature of inorganic and organic compounds, alongside a review of each applicant's submitted materials; applicants need at least 350 of 500 points to advance. Those who pass proceed to an online interview covering their motivation and background as well as further questions on biology and biochemistry, and must again reach at least 350 of 500 points across the interview, motivation, and English language components to be admitted. Required documents include a one-page motivation letter, a transcript of records, and, for non-native English speakers, documentation of English language proficiency.

This master's degree offers advanced training in molecular and cell biology, the foundational field underlying much of modern biology. It is designed for students who have completed a bachelor's degree in biology and aims to help them understand the principles and connections shared across diverse biological phenomena, studying molecular and cellular mechanisms through model systems spanning microorganisms, plants, animals, and humans. The curriculum opens with core coursework in cell biology, animal physiology, microbiology, immunology, and the chemical properties and structure of nucleic acids, each paired with hands-on practical courses, alongside a molecular and cell biology seminar that continues throughout the program. Later semesters cover embryology, molecular biology, plant physiology, histology and organology, developmental biology of animals, human genetics, structural biology and bioinformatics, synthetic biology, and analytical cytometry, before moving into more advanced topics such as the mechanisms of cell death, the molecular and cell biology of tumors, and advanced immunology, with practical laboratory work, including specialized methods in immunology and plant cytogenetics, woven throughout.

The central practical component of the program is a diploma research project, carried out under the guidance of an experienced supervisor, through which students design and perform experiments toward specific research aims and learn to present their scientific findings, both orally and in writing, to the wider research community. Graduates are prepared to pursue doctoral studies or take up positions in basic or applied research institutes, biotechnology companies, and clinical laboratories, particularly in areas such as molecular diagnostics and assisted reproduction.

A bachelor's degree in biology or a related field is recommended. Admission is based on a two-round entrance exam process together with the program's available capacity. The first round consists of a short online test of 40 multiple-choice and open-ended questions covering bachelor's-level knowledge of molecular and cell biology, including the chemical components of cells, intracellular compartments and transport, cell membranes and the cytoskeleton, the structure of DNA and chromosomes, DNA replication, transcription and translation, protein structure and function, cell communication, and the cell cycle and cell death; applicants must score at least 400 of 500 points to advance. Those who pass are invited to an online interview of around 30 minutes, consisting of one general question about the applicant's background and motivation and two specialized questions in molecular and cell biology; applicants must again reach at least 400 of 500 points across the interview, motivation, and English language components to be admitted.

This PhD program offers research-oriented training across a wide range of areas in modern biology, including theoretical and evolutionary biology, ethology, ecology and conservation biology, molecular neurobiology, physiology, human biology, immunology, experimental plant science, cell biology, microbiology, molecular genetics, structural biochemistry, and taxonomy. Coursework covers both theoretical background and laboratory or field skills, and the program emphasizes practical research experience, with most credits earned through supervised research under personal mentoring from faculty researchers. Students take part in collaborative research through networks within the institute and with international partner institutions, preparing them for careers in either basic research or industry. The program is strongly research-oriented: students begin their own research well before the end of the first year, report on their progress annually, and are expected to publish at least two papers in peer-reviewed, internationally recognized journals in their field. The institute maintains international collaborations with research institutes and universities both in and outside Hungary, including regular visits from foreign researchers.

The program is organized into nine research tracks. Ecology and Evolution offers advanced training in ecology and evolutionary biology alongside related disciplines such as conservation biology, systematics, and theoretical biology, supported by cooperation with research institutions working on plant ecology, community ecology, the origin and early evolution of life, major evolutionary transitions, and the origins of cooperation and language. Applicants should have prior experience and at least MSc-level knowledge in these areas, and an openness to the supraindividual organization of living systems or an interest in theoretical biology and its methodology, such as computer modeling, is valuable; formulating and testing statistical hypotheses and building and analyzing models form an integral part of the training.

Ethology provides training across the behavioral sciences with a focus on ethology, complemented by experimental psychology, cognitive science, and applied animal behavior, and suits applicants seeking broad experience in the field. Students with a background in genetics or neuroscience may work on projects involving functional neuroimaging or behavior genetics, and current research centers on dog-human interaction, aging in dogs, comparative cognition, the neuroethology of communication in dogs and humans, and ethorobotics. The track introduces a wide range of behavioral research methods, including the design and application of ethograms, the presentation of research findings, and the study of behavior in dogs, cats, minipigs, and robots.

Immunology provides state-of-the-art training and mentoring toward academic or industrial research careers in immunology and related fields, for applicants motivated toward basic, applied, or clinical immunology research who already have foundational knowledge and laboratory skills. Students carry out research projects using current methods across experimental models ranging from primary cells and long-term cultured cell lines to various animal models, learning to plan experiments and critically evaluate and present data. Training covers methods such as cytofluorimetry, confocal microscopy, various immunolabeling approaches, ELISA and ELISpot, and other molecular biology techniques, with research progress monitored through semi-annual reporting.

Experimental Plant Biology covers a thematically and methodologically diverse set of research topics suited to applicants with a background in plant biology, physiology, plant-microbe interaction, mycology, or environmental microbiology. Research topics are often pursued in cooperation with national and international partners, and collaboration across the research groups and institutes involved supports professional development and interdisciplinary exposure to complex topics.

Genetics offers comprehensive training across classical and molecular genetics, genomics, bioinformatics, human and medical genetics, DNA polymorphism, epigenetics, developmental genetics, and microbial genetics. It suits candidates working with in vivo model systems such as bacteria, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, zebrafish, and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as those learning in vitro and in situ methods using mammalian, particularly human, cell cultures. The track is mainly practically oriented, though theoretical projects in areas such as bioinformatics and evolutionary genetics are also possible, and graduates are well positioned for postdoctoral research at international laboratories, including in applied and medical genetics.

Molecular Cell and Neurobiology focuses on discoveries in molecular cell biology and neurobiology using experimental models ranging from long-term cultured human cell lines and primary cells, including neurons and stem cells, to animal models such as Drosophila, mouse, and rat, and human samples. It suits applicants aiming for a research and development career who want to address open questions in molecular cell biology, and covers methods including confocal and electron microscopy, various immunolabeling approaches, and molecular biology techniques such as western blotting, recombinant DNA manipulation, genetic analysis, and mutagenesis and transgenesis, alongside training in experimental design, critical data evaluation, and manuscript preparation.

Neuroscience and Human Biology gives students the opportunity to work on research projects in well-equipped laboratories using state-of-the-art in vitro and in vivo techniques, with coursework spanning molecular and cellular neuroscience through to behavior and anthropology. It suits applicants committed to research in neurophysiology, behavioral and systems neuroscience, or human biology who already have foundational knowledge and laboratory skills from their master's studies, and prepares students to plan and carry out research using current methods, critically evaluate data, and communicate findings in English for an international academic or industry career.

Structural Biochemistry provides state-of-the-art training and mentoring toward academic or industrial research careers in the broad area of molecular biology, suited to applicants with a background in biology, chemistry, medicine, or engineering. It develops the skills needed for creative, productive research design and execution along with independent thinking and career planning, covering structural and molecular biology, protein science, enzymology, molecular biophysics, bioinformatics, drug design, and statistical analysis, with progress monitored through annual reporting and committee feedback.

Zootaxonomy, Animal Ecology, Hydrobiology offers training in classical and molecular taxonomy, ecological processes across various time and spatial scales with a focus on behavioral ecology and evolutionary biology, and the organization and functioning of aquatic communities in rivers and lakes. It suits applicants with an MSc in biology or a degree in veterinary medicine, medicine, or dentistry whose curriculum included ecology, evolutionary biology, animal systematics, and hydrobiology as major subjects, and combines practical experience in current research methodology with seminars and coursework on theoretical issues relevant to the field.

Graduates are prepared for biology careers worldwide: many go on to postdoctoral positions internationally, a large share obtain tenure or tenure-track positions at universities or research institutes, and others pursue research careers in non-academic settings, including large international research institutions tied to high-tech development or the economic and financial sectors. Typical roles include biologist, biochemist, geneticist, neurobiologist, and ecologist.

Applicants must hold a master's degree in biology, chemistry, or a related field; the specific degree fields accepted may be further narrowed by the individual research track to ensure alignment with its curriculum and expectations. Applicants still completing their master's studies should be on track to qualify for the degree by the end of the academic year in which they apply.

An internationally accredited English language examination at a minimum of B2 CEFR level is required, such as a TOEFL iBT score of at least 72 or an IELTS score of at least 5.5; alternatively, applicants may submit an official certificate from their previous institution confirming that their prior degree was completed entirely in English.

Required documents include an application form, the master's degree certificate, a transcript of records, a CV, a research plan, a statement from a supervisor, and a language certificate. Optional documents include a bachelor's degree certificate, a motivation letter, two letters of recommendation, a passport copy and photo, a medical certificate, and a reference work.